Convective heat transfer to low-temperature fluidsResearch into forced and natural convection processes in low-temperature (cryogenic) fluids is reviewed with primary emphasis on forced convection. Boundaries of the near-critical region are defined, fluid properties near the critical state are discussed, and heat-transfer processes around the critical point are described. The thermodynamics of the critical point is analyzed together with transport properties of a near-critical fluid, and the quantum states of low-temperature molecular hydrogen (para and ortho) are discussed. Experimental work on heat transfer in free, natural, and forced convection systems is briefly summarized. Graham's (1969) penetration model for near-critical fluids is outlined, near-critical heat transfer is discussed in relation to conventional geometric effects, and the effects of curvature on the properties of near-critical hydrogen are noted. Theoretical considerations in free and forced convection are examined.
Document ID
19750063398
Acquisition Source
Legacy CDMS
Document Type
Other - Collected Works
Authors
Graham, R. W.
Hendricks, R. C.
Simoneau, R. J. (NASA Lewis Research Center Cleveland, Ohio, United States)