The high latitude circulation and temperature structure of the thermosphere near solstice

NCAR thermospheric-general-circulation-model (TGCM) computations of solar-maximum thermospheric neutral-gas temperature and circulation around the December solstice are presented and discussed. The TGCM uses a 5 x 5-deg grid and 24 constant-pressure layers, corresponding to altitudes of about 97-500 km. The results are mapped as electron-density contours, polar plots, cylindrical equidistant projections, meridional cross sections, and F-region polar plots comparing the TGCM predictions with DE-2 satellite observations. The significant differences between summer and winter high-latitude F-region winds are attributed to the ion drag momentum associated with magnetospheric convection. The TGCM wind predictions follow the same pattern as the satellite measurements but are too small; possible model corrections are considered.