Aerothermodynamic heating analysis of aerobraking and aeromaneuvering orbital-transfer vehicles

The thermal-protection requirements of two aeroassisted orbital-transfer vehicles (AOTVs) are analyzed for return missions between the geosynchronous and Shuttle orbits. One of the designs is a specialized version of a previously proposed generic aerobraking vehicle that is capable of only delivery-type operations. The other is a high-lift aeromaneuvering vehicle that is optimized for low-earth orbit sortie missions involving large, multiple plane-inclination changes. The aerothermal environment of the aerobraking vehicle is analyzed using state-of-the-art methods for nonequilibrium-radiative and convective heating that incorporate refinements unique to the configuration. The heating analysis of the aeromaneuvering vehicle required the development of a flow-field model for rarefied-hypersonic flow over a lifting surface at incidence. The predicted aerothermodynamic heating characteristics for both vehicles are correlated with thermal-control requirements and flight performance capabilities for the specified mission guidelines. The results help identify technical issues related to the development of future operational systems.