Magnetic nonequilibrium and current sheet formation

This paper investigates the equilibrium of a cluster of long, straight, twisted magnetic flux tubes extending in the z-direction in a highly conducting fluid, subject to the boundary condition that the cluster is surrounded by a uniform pressure P. It is shown that there is equilibrium only for axial symmetry, i.e., only for a single twisted flux tube. Any more complicated cluster of twisted tubes is subject to nonequilibrium reconnection of the transverse component of the field. The example provides another perspective on the general absence of equilibrium, and consequent rapid dissipation, of any magnetic field subject to random small-scale internal strains, such as the fields extending outward from the convective zones of stars.