The dynamical evolution of Saturn's E-ring

The dynamical evoluton of fine dust particles ejected from Encladus and subsequently electrically charged within the Saturnian magnetosphere is studied. it is shown that the gyro-phase drift, which is radially outwards due to the strong radial temperature and density gradients in the magnetospheric plasma, is, by far, the fastest transport mechanism of these grains. Maintenance of the E-ring in a steady state throughout the age of the solar system would need a mass loss from Encladus of about 2 parts in 1000.