Heating rates in tropical anvils

An IR radiative transfer model for cirrus clouds was developed on the basis of data acquired with a U-2 aircraft. The emission and scattering of radiation was expressed with a two-stream algorithm that considered the cloud in 10 layers. Exponential sums were employed to quantify gaseous absorption by H2O, CO2 and O3 over the IR spectrum of 4.5-250 microns. Ice water content had the greatest impact on radiative heating of the high altitude anvils, although the vertical extent of the anvil and the cloudiness of the underlying atmosphere were also important.