Better welds for launch vehicles

The use and benefits of automated variable polarity plasma arc (VPPA) welding of Al joints are described. The entire welding system, including welding head manipulator, weld-wire feed, torch, and power supply are computer controlled. The importance of proper torch dynamics and the control of argon gas flow through the plasma orifice are discussed. The use of arc-voltage control, the improvements in system monitoring, and the reduction or elimination of electromagnetic interferences are examined. VPPA welding is applicable to joining Space Shuttle components, and an example of its use on an External Tank of the Shuttle is presented.