Vapor condensation rate at a turbulent liquid interface, for application to cryogenic hydrogen

The condensation of hydrogen vapor onto turbulent liquid hydrogen is simulated experimentally using steam and water at elevated pressure, where water has a Prandtl number comparable to that of liquid hydrogen. A correlation is presented for the condensation rate in terms of the intensity and macroscale of the turbulence on the liquid side. The rate correlation should be applicable to low-gravity conditions at the higher turbulence intensities; at the lower turbulence intensities, however, the data are affected by thermal stratification resulting from buoyancy effects.