Identification Of Anomalies In Welds

Advanced techniques combined with conventional analytical methods. Combination of real-time radiography, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive spectrometry identify enigmatic features in radiographs of welds where standard tensile, hardness, and electrical-conductivity tests and visible-light microscopic and macroscopic examinations insufficient. New combination of techniques applied successfully to variable-polarity-plasma-arc welds of 2219 aluminum alloy. Joints subjected to penetration, fill, and weld-repair passes with 2319 aluminum weld wire.