The prediction of secondary flow in curved ducts of square cross-section

A three-dimensional, fully-viscous Navier-Stokes code designated INS3D is presently used for the prediction of secondary and axial flows in curved ducts of square cross-section. Attention is given to a 90-deg bend, an S-shaped duct with two 22.5-deg bends, and an 180-deg bend. The sensitivity of predicted axial and secondary flows to grid resolution and artificial dissipation is investigated in the 90-deg bend case. Good agreement is found between predicted and experimentally measured flow components.