Ground-based remote sensing of ice clouds

A ground-based cloud water phased discriminating spectroradiometer was designed, built, and employed to obtain reflectance from the sides and tops of cumuliform towers during the Arizona summer monsoons from 1984 through 1987 (Pileaskie and Twomey, 1987 and 1988). The experimental procedure was designed to observe the upper regions of rapidly ascending turrets as they matured, obtaining spectra every two minutes to determine the onset of glaciation. Occasionally, conditions permitted continuous observations from time of cloud conception to full maturation, i.e., an advanced cumulonimbus marked by anvil growth, lightning, and precipitation.