Effects of magnetospheric electrons on polar plasma outflow - A semikinetic model

The effect or hot magnetospheric electrons on the polar-plasma outflow was investigated, using a semikinetic model developed by Wilson et al. (1990) and Ho et al. (1991) to simulate the effect. The model is based on a hybrid particle-in-cell approach, in which the H(+) and O(+) ions are treated as adiabatic parallel-drifting gyrocenters injected as the upgoing portions of drifting bi-Maxwellian distributions at 1.6 R(E), while the electrons are treated as a massless neutralizing fluid. The results show that, in order to simulate the polar outflow under the influence of hot magnetospheric electrons, it is necessary to consider the effect of the electron temperature gradient.