The design and evolution of the Beta two-stage-to-orbit horizontal takeoff and landing launch system

The paper describes the design guidelines and operational characteristics of a two-stage-to-orbit (TSTO) horizontal takeoff and landing launch vehicle termed Beta, designed for low-cost aircraftlike operations. It can take off and land from standard Strategic Air Command runways and is fully recoverable and reusable. The original Beta I has a payload capability of 50,000, while the newer downsized Beta II will deploy payloads of about 10,000 lbs to low polar orbit. The last Beta vehicle, Beta III which is in early stages of design, has increased operational efficiency. Design diagrams are presented illustrating Beta I and Beta II booster, nacelle, and orbiter concepts.