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Real-time transmission of full-motion echocardiography over a high-speed data network: impact of data rate and network quality of serviceWith high-resolution network transmission required for telemedicine, education, and guided-image acquisition, the impact of errors and transmission rates on image quality needs evaluation. METHODS: We transmitted clinical echocardiograms from 2 National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) research centers with the use of Motion Picture Expert Group-2 (MPEG-2) encoding and asynchronous transmission mode (ATM) network protocol over the NASA Research and Education Network. Data rates and network quality (cell losses [CLR], errors [CER], and delay variability [CVD]) were altered and image quality was judged. RESULTS: At speeds of 3 to 5 megabits per second (Mbps), digital images were superior to those on videotape; at 2 Mbps, images were equivalent. Increasing CLR caused occasional, brief pauses. Extreme CER and CDV increases still yielded high-quality images. CONCLUSIONS: Real-time echocardiographic acquisition, guidance, and transmission is feasible with the use of MPEG-2 and ATM with broadcast quality seen above 3 Mbps, even with severe network quality degradation. These techniques can be applied to telemedicine and used for planned echocardiography aboard the International Space Station.
Document ID
20040141452
Acquisition Source
Legacy CDMS
Document Type
Reprint (Version printed in journal)
External Source(s)
Authors
Main, M. L.
(The Cleveland Clinic Foundation Cleveland, Ohio 44195, United States)
Foltz, D.
Firstenberg, M. S.
Bobinsky, E.
Bailey, D.
Frantz, B.
Pleva, D.
Baldizzi, M.
Meyers, D. P.
Jones, K.
Spence, M. C.
Freeman, K.
Morehead, A.
Thomas, J. D.
Date Acquired
August 22, 2013
Publication Date
August 1, 2000
Publication Information
Publication: Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography : official publication of the American Society of Echocardiography
Volume: 13
Issue: 8
ISSN: 0894-7317
Subject Category
Life Sciences (General)
Distribution Limits
Public
Copyright
Other
Keywords
NASA Discipline Cardiopulmonary
Non-NASA Center

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