Space shuttle GN and C equation document no. 22: Approach guidance

The approach guidance routine for taking the space shuttle orbiter vehicle from the end of the entry phase altitude of approximately 100,000 feet to the start of the terminal guidance phase is presented. The guidance routine consists of six modes: (1) acquisition, (2) energy dissipation, (3) turn in, (4) initial approach, (5) heading alignment, and (6) final approach. Diagrams of the flight path for the various modes are included. Equations of motion governing the performance of the vehicle during each mode are developed.