Space station heavy lift launch vehicle utilization

The use of Heavy Lift Launch Vehicles (HLLVs) for Space Station assembly, logistics. and resupply is explored. Potential HLLVs, including those based on the Titan, and Shuttle-derived vehicles (SDV), are discussed. The baseline Critical Evaluation Task Force (CETF) Space Station assembly sequence is described and compared with assembly options made possible through the use of HLLVs. The issues of cost, dual compatibility with the Space Shuttle Space Transportation System (STS), co-manifesting of payloads with other science missions cargo return, and ground handling and launch facilities are also considered. The main advantage achieved by using HLLVs are simplification of assembly procedures, added resupply capability, and increased assured access to space. The major disadvantages are increased orbital flight operations complexity, higher logistics costs, and additional ground handling/launch facility requirements. Also, there will not be any improvement in return cargo capacity, nor any addition to crew transport capabilities. Finally, the dual STS/HLLV compatibility should be maintained to minimize program risk. HLLV and Orbital Maneuvering Vehicle design must parallel that of the Space Station.