In-Situ Resource Utilization (ISRU) Living off the Land on the Moon and Mars

In-Situ Resource Utilization (ISRU) is the concept of using local resources at various destinations to provide products and services for robotic and human explorers. This idea of 'living off the land' has the potential of reducing reliance on earth to supply mission consumables such as propellants and life support consumables. Local resources include: water, oxygen, and metals within the surface soil material (regolith), atmospheric gases (eg CO2 on Mars), and the regolith material itself. ISRU systems involve physically and chemically extracting these resources and converting them into desired products.