Remote sensing for defining aquifers in glacial drift

Investigations were undertaken to determine the properties of shallow aquifers and related features that influence electromagnetic energy, to determine how these properties can be detected remotely, and to establish remote sensing procedures for aiding in ground water mapping. The direct influence of aquifier characteristics on surface thermal contrasts is discussed. Conclusions reached for late summer, predawn missions were: (1) Dynamic thermal changes near the surface can be used for thermal infrared sensing to detect shallow aquifers in glacial drift. (2) Under ideal conditions, surface temperatures may be used to predict certain features related to the occurrence of shallow aquifers. (3) The timing of missions and the optimum meteorological conditions occurring prior to and during the mission are critical for night thermal missions. (4) Repetitive flights made under variable conditions provide additional evidence to verify the occurrence of shallow aquifers. (5) Imagery from this investigation, along with ERTS-simulated imagery, indicates the feasibility of applying ERTS A and B data to reconnaissance studies for detection of shallow aquifers.