Optical spectra of compact objects.

On the basis of their optical spectra, compact objects are divided into three classes: (1) nonthermal objects including Seyfert nuclei, most N-type radio galaxies, and luminous Zwicky objects; (2) hot massive stars, and (3) stellar objects including some compact galaxies having only absorption line spectra. A variety of morphological forms exist among class (1) and (2) objects. Emission line spectra of quasars are reviewed and related to the physical conditions in the emitting regions.