Waveguide lasers with intracavity electrooptic modulators - Misalignment loss

Coupling from the EH(11) fundamental mode of a square, hollow bore waveguide laser to a square electrooptic modulator is treated. The misalignment loss that results from coupling of the laser fundamental mode into higher order modulator modes is calculated. Results are presented for loss from transverse displacement, angular tilt, and axial separation of the two elements. From these results, the alignment tolerances required to minimize loss for an intracavity modulator are found.