Instrumentation for infrared astronomy

During the last 10 years, infrared astronomy, based on observations in the wavelength range from 2 to 1000 micrometers, has become a major field of observational astrophysics. This development is mainly related to two major technical advances. Extremely sensitive detectors have been developed and become available for astronomical applications. Motivated by the first development, major groups have expended much effort in building and operating telescopes above most or all of the earth's atmosphere in order to circumvent its opacity and emission throughout the range. Attention is given to advances in the area of infrared detectors, platforms for infrared astronomy, focal plane instruments, high spatial resolution instrumentation, and infrared polarization measurements.