Orbit/attitude estimation with Landsat-1 and -2 landmark data

The accuracy of spacecraft orbit and attitude determination is investigated using Landsat-1 and -2 picture data. The data consists of ground control points, of known geodetic coordinates, which are identified on a series of Landsat pictures. Both sequential (extended Kalman filter) and batch (nonlinear Bayesian weighted least-squares) estimation techniques have been implemented in two software systems. Discussion of these systems includes a system overview, mathematical formulation, and sample numerical results. Particular emphasis is given to the application of a spectral analysis technique to derive spacecraft attitude models.