Planetary ionospheres

An analogy is drawn between the Eath's ionosphere and the existence of ionospheres around other planets or natural satellites. An ionosphere is defined as a series of layers (D, E, E1, F2) and their characteristics are discussed. Emphasis is on the role of solar wind impacting with the potential ionosphere and the subsequent chemical and diffusion processes that can be observed. Data from the MARINER and PIONEER space programs are cited concerning measured electron density and ionospheric refractivity of extraterrestrial ionospheres, then an attempt is made to model these atmospheres based on Earth ionosphere theory.