Marangoni bubble motion in zero gravity

It is shown experimentally that the Marangoni phenomenon is a primary mechanism for the movement of a gas bubble in a nonisothermal liquid in a low-gravity environment. In such two-phase flow systems, local variations in bubble surface tension are caused by a temperature gradient in the liquid. Shearing stresses thus generated at the bubble surface lead to convection in both media, as a result of which the bubble begins to move. A mathematical model consisting of the Navier-Stokes equations and the thermal energy equations, along with the appropriate boundary conditions for both media, is proposed.