Upper stages utilizing electric propulsion

The payload capabilities of upper stages using electric propulsion for a LEO to GEO orbit transfer mission are discussed. Payloads are calculated using an established methodology which employs assumptions concerning state-of-the-art electric propulsion technology. The effects on payloads are examined for variations of total mass in LEO (MLEO), thrusting (trip) times, propellant type, specific impulse, and power source specific mass. It is found that the ratios of payload masses to total mass in LEO are insensitive to MLEO, which allows a highly condensed presentation of the overall payload capability. Electric stages are shown capable of delivering payloads in thrusting times less than 50 days with the payloads increasing rapidly with increase in thrusting times. Payload capabilities exceeding those attainable with chemical propulsion are possible using state-of-the-art electric propulsion technology.