Analytical study of STOL Aircraft in ground effect. Part 2: Nonplanar, nonlinear method applicable to three dimensional jets of finite thickness

The ability of the potential flow analysis (POTFAN) to predict the influence of ground proximity on lift systems is examined. A two dimensional study employing vortex lattice methodology provides confidence that ground effect phenomenon can be predicted using discrete singularity representation. Two dimensional quasi-steady ascent and descent behavior determined provides guidance in interpreting three dimensional results. Steady and quasi-steady ground effect aerodynamic characteristics predicted by POTFAN are presented for several basic unpowered configurations. POTFAN results are compared with experimental data and results of other analytical methods. Modification of POTFAN to incorporate multienergy flow analysis is discussed. General aspects of thick jet models are examined to provide a basic for extending POTFAN's scope to include analysis of propulsive lift interactions.