Payload carrier systems for conducting sortie mode science

The capabilities and characteristics of the payload carriers developed to provide structural and operational interfaces between the Space Shuttle and the various types of experiments designed to operate in the sortie mode are discussed. The Spacelab is a flexible laboratory system composed of interchangeable elements that can be put together in eight different combinations of pallets and pressurized modules, and provides considerable standard services to users in such areas as equipment installation, power distribution, thermal control, command and data management, software, pointing systems and crew participation. A modular three-axis pointing control system designated the Annular Suspension and Pointing System, is being developed to provide additional pointing capabilities to those payloads that require capabilities not provided by the Spacelab instrument pointing system. Two engineering models of the Spacelab pallet have been designated Orbital Flight Test Pallets which, together with a special experiment support structure, are intended for initial and operational payloads that do not constitute a complete Spacelab mission. The simplest and smallest payload carriers are the Getaway Special cans, intended for small, self-contained, self-sufficient payloads, and the orbiter middeck lockers. In this way, most of the user requirements for Shuttle sortie missions identified to date can be fulfilled.