Production of 1.25 K He-4 without He-4 superfluid film

A refrigeration process is described which enables the production of a sub-gamma-point He-4 temperatures without the production of superfluid. The advantages of the process for zero gravity and low-noise refrigeration are described. The lowest temperature produced to date is 1.25 K. The process is also useful with other gases for refrigeration; the output temperature is selected by gas type.