Saturn launch vehicles

The paper discusses the technical challenge confronting the developers of the Saturn series of launch vehicles to meet the commitment to land a man on the moon. The challenge ranged from the development and clustering of high-thrust, high-specific-impulse cryogenic rocket engines and associated in-flight conditioning and ignition, to the problems inherent in the application of a variety of materials at cryogenic temperatures. This paper presents the more significant of these specific design accomplishments, along with the system design approach essential to the development of the rocket engines, propellant tanks and feed systems, and avionic systems. Emphasis is placed on the integration of the major components into a multiple-stage launch vehicle capable of injecting the Apollo CSM and LEM into a cislunar trajectory and, with minor modification, placing the Skylab space station into low earth orbit.