Nucleocosmochronology

Nucleocosmochronology is analyzed on the basis of elemental isotopic abundances of radionuclides. The production and depletion mechanisms for the cosmological chronometers are investigated and model-independent theories are reviewed. Emphasis is given to the significance of the mean age of the elements and the time resolution of the last nucleosynthetic events contributing to the solar system, and it is shown how the intermediate-lived chronometers may give information on the time dependence shape of the production function. Anomalous nucleocosmochronology is investigated and galactic and cosmological constraints are described in terms of time scales for the mean age of elements and galaxies and the age of the universe. Data resulting from both model-independent and dependent analyses are compared. Results based on the mean age for the r-process elements suggest a lower limit to the age of the galaxy and the universe. It is concluded that nucleocosmochronology, when coupled with other independent determinations for the age of the universe, defines a concordant universe age of 13.5-15.5 billion years. The shape of the production function is not well determined because of the uncertainties in the xenon data.