Monitoring snow with microwaves

Results of an experimental study concerned with the active and passive microwave response to snow pack are discussed. Comprehensive ground truth measurements and preliminary investigations indicate that the primary factors affecting the microwave response are snow water equivalent and snow wetness. The most important conclusion of the study is that the scattering and emission behavior of snow varies drastically as a function of frequency between 1 GHz and 37 GHz, which suggests that the multifrequency operation has the potential to provide estimates on several snow parameters, primarily wetness profile and water equivalent, simultaneously.