Hydrodynamic models of the cometary atmosphere

Self-consistent transonic multifluid solutions for the dynamical and thermal structure of the two-phase dusty gas atmosphere of a comet containing a dirty H2O-clathrate ice nucleus have been obtained. This was done by solving a simultaneous set of differential equations representing conservation of number density, momentum, and energy, as well as the transfer of solar radiation responsible for the major photolytic processes and nuclear heating. The results presented include velocity and Mach number profiles of heavy species and the velocity of dust within the subsonic and supersonic regions, temperature profiles of the dust and gas in the supersonic region, and radial profiles of electron and ion densities in the collision-dominated region.