Refractory lithophile elements

The abundance and distributions of refractory lithophile elements in chondritic meteorites and calcium-aluminum inclusions (CAIs) are presently noted to indicate that protoplanetary material was heated to very high temperatures. Three subsequent elemental fractionations have since been resolved: (1) that within the CAIs, indicating temperatures high enough to evaporate much of the refractory element content; (2) that of the refractory lithophile elements; and (3) that of Mg and Si, which indicates that the high temperatures were prevalent throughout the chondrite-formation region. Attention is given to models that have been proposed to explain elemental and isotopic abundances of refractory lithophile elements in chondritic material.