Progress and challenges in modeling turbulent aerodynamic flows

Progress in modeling external aerodynamic flows achieved by using computations and experiments designed to guide turbulence modeling is presented. The computational procedures emphasize utilization of the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations and various statistical modeling approaches. Developments for including the influence of compressibility are provided; they point up some of the complexities involved in modeling high-speed flows. Examples of complementary studies that provide the status, limitations, and future challenges of modeling for transonic, supersonic, and hypersonic flows are given.