Trompe L'Oeil 'binary' pulsars

A freely precessing pulsar produces pulse phase residuals which can mimic those of a pulsar in a binary orbit. In particular, discrete sets of phase residuals due to precessional motion of an isolated pulsar are sampled; it is shown that this data is well fit by residuals from a binary pulsar in a sufficiently tight orbit. Analytic and numerical relationships between the projected orbital size, a(p) sin i, and the orbital eccentricity, e, of a misidentified binary pulsar; are found the observations that would distinguish between these models are discussed. Regardless of the mechanism that causes the precession, the maximum amplitude of the phase residual is pi/2: consequently, a(p)sin i is (approximately) bounded by cP(puls)/4. The newly discovered 'binary' millisecond pulsars in the globular cluster 47 Tuc is discussed, and it is shown that the periodic frequency modulation reported cannot be explained by free precession.