The CRAF/Cassini science instruments, spacecraft, and missions

The first two missions planned for the Mariner Mark II spacecraft, the Cassini mission and the Comet Rendevous Asteroid Flyby (CRAF), are described, along with the Mariner Mark II spacecraft and the instruments that will be used for the two missions. The chief goals of the CRAF mission include determinations of the elemental, molecular, isotopic, and mineralogic compositions and the physical, morphological, and geological character of the cometary nucleus, as well as the characterization of changes occurring as functions of time and orbital position. The Cassini mission will determine the elemental, molecular, isotopic, and mineralogic compositions of Saturn, Titan, the smaller moons, and the rings of the Saturnian system and determine the physical, morphological, and geological nature of these objects; it will also determine the processes operating in the atmospheres of Saturn and Titan and on the surfaces of the rings and satellites of the system and determine the properties of Saturn's magnetosphere and its interactions with the rings and the moons of Saturn.