Chromospheric dynamics based on infrared solar brightness variations

The NASA Kuiper Airborne Observatory was used to observe far-infrared continuum brightness fluctuations in the lower chromosphere due to solar 5 minute oscillations on the quiet sun. Brightness measurements made at 50, 100, 200, and 400 microns show a strong correlation with visible-line Doppler measurements from photospheric and chromospheric altitudes. The motion of the chromosphere is nearly in phase over a large range of heights, while the infrared brightness lags the Doppler velocity by phases varying from significantly less than 90 deg at low altitudes to nearly 90 deg at higher altitudes. It is proposed that this is the result of a nonadiabatic response of the chromospheric gas to compression and may indicate an important mechanism for wave dissipation. Thermal relaxation times ranging from about 40 s at 340 km above the tau(5000) = 1 photosphere to about 300 s at 600 km are proposed.