The origin and evolution of the zodiacal dust cloud

We have now analyzed a substantial fraction of the IRAS observations of the zodiacal cloud, particularly in the 25 micron waveband. We have developed a gravitational perturbation theory that incorporates the effects of Poynting-Robertson light drag (Gomes and Dermott, 1992). We have also developed a numerical model, the SIMUL mode, that reproduces the exact viewing geometry of the IRAS telescope and calculates the distribution of thermal flux produced by any particular distribution of dust particle orbits (Dermott and Nicholson, 1989). With these tools, and using a distribution of orbits based on those of asteroidal particles with 3.4 micron radii whose orbits decay due to Poynting-Robertson light drag and are perturbed by the planets, we have been able to: (1) account for the inclination and node of the background zodiacal cloud observed by IRAS in the 25 micron waveband; (2) relate the distribution of orbits in the Hirayama asteroid families to the observed shapes of the IRAS solar system dustbands; and (3) show that there is observational evidence in the IRAS data for the transport of asteroidal particles from the main belt to the Earth by Poynting-Robertson light drag.