The Microstructure of Turbulent Flow

In 1941 a general theory of locally isotropic turbulence was proposed by Kolmogoroff which permitted the prediction of a number of laws of turbulent flow for large Reynolds numbers. The most important of these laws, the dependence of the mean square of the difference in velocities at two points on their distance and the dependence of the coefficient of turbulence diffusion on the scale of the phenomenon, were obtained by both Kolmogoroff and Obukhoff in the same year. At the present time these laws have been experimentally confirmed by direct measurements carried out in aerodynamic wind tunnels in the laboratory, in the atmosphere, and also on the ocean. In recent years in the Laboratory of Atmospheric Turbulence of the Geophysics Institute of the Soviet Academy of Sciences, a number of investigations have been conducted in which this theory was further developed. The results of several of these investigations are presented.