Optical properties of CO2 ice and CO2 snow in the ultraviolet, visible, and infrared

The project was to measure the optical constants of CO2 ice in the spectral regions of weak absorption. Many previous measurements had been made by others in the strong absorption bands, but the weak regions had been poorly measured or not measured at all. In these regions the emissivity of CO2 frost and CO2 clouds is quite sensitive to particle sizes and to the value of the absorption coefficient, so the new measurements will have applications to energy budget and remote sensing of the Martian surface and atmosphere. During the time period covered by this grant, a method was developed for growing clear crystals of CO2, 4 cm in length. An apparatus was constructed for accurate measurement of spectral transmission through these crystals, for wavelengths 0.18-3.8 micrometers, covering the near-ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared regions, bounded by the strong ultraviolet absorption and the 4.3-micrometer band. Our new best estimate of the spectral absorption coefficient (expressed as imaginary refractive index) is shown. It is a composite result of many measurements on dozens of crystals. Now that we have a good dataset for the shortwave absorption spectrum, the focus of the research has moved to the thermal infrared, for which a Fourier Transform interferometer has been adapted for use with C02-ice crystals.