Empirical Equation for Turbulent Forced-Convection Heat Transfer for Prandtl Numbers from 0.001 to 1000

A review is made of some of the experimental data and analyses applicable to convective heat transfer in fully turbulent flow in smooth tubes with liquid metals and viscous Newtonian fluids. An empirical equation is evolved that closely approximates heat-transfer values obtained from selected analyses and experimental data for Prandtl numbers from 0.001 to 1000. The terms included in the equation are Reynolds number, Prandtl number, and an empirical diffusivity ratio between heat and momentum.