Optical Navigation for the Orion Vehicle

The Orion vehicle is being designed to provide nominal crew transport to the lunar transportation stack in low Earth orbit, crew abort prior during transit to the moon, and crew return to Earth once lunar orbit is achieved. One of the design requirements levied on the Orion vehicle is the ability to return to the vehicle and crew to Earth in the case of loss of communications and command with the Mission Control Center. Central to fulfilling this requirement, is the ability of Orion to navigate autonomously. In low-Earth orbit, this may be solved with the use of GPS, but in cis-lunar and lunar orbit this requires optical navigation. This paper documents the preliminary analyses performed by members of the Orion Orbit GN&C System team.