Development of High-Performance Solar Cells for the Jupiter and Saturn Environments

The planetary science community is interested in targets far from the Sun. Solar arrays are relatively low-cost, readily available, highly reliable. However, high-AU environments are challenging for solar arrays e.g. Jupiter: high radiation and 3-4% of one sun Saturn: milder radiation but only 1% of one sun. Currently, solar arrays for low irradiance low temperature (LILT) are typically large and massive, e.g. ~600kg for planned Europa Clipper. There is a need for cells optimized for Jupiter and/or Saturn.