Convective Influence on the Lower Stratospheric Water Vapor in the Boreal Summer Asian Monsoon Region

Processes maintaining the localized maxima in lower stratospheric watervapor over the boreal summer Asian monsoon region are investigated usingtrajectory and cloud models that resolve the detailed cloudmicrophysical processes, with observation-based convection and radiationschemes. We examine the impact of convective influence along parceltrajectories on cloud formation and dehydration by tracing thetrajectories through time-dependent fields of convective cloud topheights estimated from global rainfall and geostationary brightnesstemperatures. Parameters such as the rainfall threshold used foridentification of deep convection are derived by comparison with theCloudSat deep convective cloud top product as enhanced by colocatedCALIOP measurements. The simulated water vapor field at the 100 hPalevel and cloud occurrence frequencies in the tropical tropopause layer(TTL) are constrained by corresponding observations from MLS andCALIPSO, respectively. The observed maximum in the 100 hPa level watervapor field over the Asian monsoon region is only present in thesimulation with convective influence, indicating the importance ofconvective hydration for the summertime water vapor distribution.Convection moistens the 100 hPa level over the Asian monsoon by 1 ppmv,where 75 of this moistening is due to convection occurring locallywithin the monsoon region. Convection also increases the cloudoccurrence frequency in the TTL over the southern sector of the Asianmonsoon anticyclone by 20. Parcels are convectively hydrated in thesoutheastern sector of the anticyclone, transported westward by theanticyclonic circulation, and dehydrated in the southwestern sector. Therelative importance of extreme convective events that inject ice andwater vapor near or above the tropopause will also be examined.