A Three-Dimensional Mesoscale Model for In-Plane and Out-of-Plane Fiber Kinking

Fiber Kinking Theory (FKT): Budiansky proposed that kink bands are a result of an initial (infinitely wide) band of
misaligned fibers, nonlinear material behavior under shear loading, and accounting for large rotations of the fibers. CompDam is a NASA Langley CDM code that uses the deformation gradient, particular attention paid to kinematics of cracking.