Europa lander mission concept power architecture

The Europa Lander mission concept team seeks to optimize a power system architecture to search for evidence of life on the surface of Europa, an icy moon of Jupiter. Environmental and mission challenges included radiation,
extreme low temperatures, planetary protection, mission duration, and the limitations of the launch vehicle. Leveraging heritage from NASA’s Europa Clipper mission, the baseline architecture is highly reliable, capable of meeting all science objectives, and comprises of three vehicles: a solar powered carrier stage, a secondary battery powered descent vehicle, and
a primary battery powered lander.