The Evolution of CubeSat Spacecraft Platforms

The maturity of small spacecraft technology is indicated by the continued growth in the number of missions, mission complexity, and the expansion of smallsat subsystem capability. The inception of the CubeSat platform has incentivized the space industry to achieve a broad collection of science for less cost, and there is an evolving trend in the overall utilization of the CubeSat platform seen in the last decade. The initial purpose of CubeSats’ was to serve as a platform to demonstrate specific technologies while also serving as an educational platform for students and professional engineers alike. In the ten years since, CubeSats have been designed for more complex science missions around the Moon, Sun, or to deep space, and the projection for ten years from now is that CubeSats will be performing more complex deep space missions.
The progress of overall small spacecraft technology development is captured in the most recent 2021 Small Spacecraft Technology State-of-the-Art (SoA) report, the objective of which is to assess and provide an overview on the current development status across all subsystem architectures. The SoA report summarizes the results of a variety of surveys covering device performance, capabilities, and flight history, as presented in publicly available literature. The focus of these surveys is on devices or systems that can be commercially procured or appear on a path toward becoming commercially available.