Approaches To Humans-Mars Both Safe and Affordable

The fundamental differences regarding the Moon vs. Mars for humans include far longer
missions and greater resources required for Mars. In humans-Mars planning, thus far the extant
technologies and approaches have not enabled missions which are both fully safe/healthy for
humans and affordable. Cost reductions are required to afford health and safety and to reduce
their costs. This report suggests and examines a wide spectrum of approaches to improve the
affordability of humans-Mars approaches to ensure human safety and health during long
distance space exploration and pioneering-on-the-way to colonization with humans-Mars as the
exemplar