Feasibility and Performance Analysis of Magnetohydrodynamics Control for Aerocapture at Neptune

NASA’s most recent Decadal Survey posed a mission to one of the Ice Giants as the top priorityfor flagship missionsin the organization’s future. However, current technologieslimit the amount of scientific payload available for future Uranian and Neptunian missions due to the need for fuel for orbit insertion maneuvers. Thus, to maximize the scientific potential of futuremissions, atmospheric aerocapture has been heavily researched. While atmospheric aerocapture simulations have proven enabling for capturing around Neptune, its deep atmospheric pass requiresan aeroshell with thermal protection systems(TPS).Magnetohydrodynamically-controlled aerocapture serves as a potential solution to both fully-propulsive orbit insertion and atmospheric aerocapture. Through NASA Langley’s high-fidelity flight dynamics simulation, the Program to Optimize Simulated Trajectories II, both the atmospheric and magnetohydrodynamic aerocapture methods were simulated and compared for identical missions to Neptune. After applying a guidance algorithm for both methods, the results showed that magnetohydrodynamics has not only the control authority to successfully capture around Neptune, but also the unique advantage of a shallower atmospheric pass which decreases the maximum heat load and the required TPS mass.