Liquid Nitrogen Testing of an Integrated Reaction Control System

Integrated Reaction Control Systems (IRCS) are considered an enabling technology for future human exploration of the solar system. An IRCS uses the same fuel and oxidizer as the main propulsion system, allowing for increased performance and simplified cryogenic fluid management operations. The IRCS team at Marshall Spaceflight Center is currently evaluating an IRCS system that uses a
combination of electric pumps and pressure-regulation devices to provide a constant flow of conditioned propellant to a thruster bank during operation. In contrast to accumulator and gasifier designs, the recirculation loop design is less massive and can provide large, sustained flowrates to the thruster inlet.

In the summer 2021 test series presented herein, the feasibility of this concept was evaluated using liquid nitrogen as a simulant for liquid oxygen. The goals of this test series were to demonstrate the ability of the pump and pressure regulator to maintain adequate thruster inlet conditions during transient operation, and to demonstrate the ability for the system to operate in an “idle mode” that maintains system chill between activations. During test operations, the back-pressure regulator responded more slowly than the opening/closing of valves in the thruster simulant, but it was still able to attenuate the pressure fluctuation at the pump discharge and ensure a stable flowrate through the pump. Similarly, the pump was able to be run far below its nominal operating point and successfully flow sufficient fluid to maintain chill conditions.